Infographic

Actual vs required housing stock growth, 2013–2023

Of 3.4 million homes needed over the decade, only 2.1 million were built — leaving 1.3 million in unmet demand, predominantly driven by net migration.

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HousingHousingMigration

SourceCPS, How Many Homes Does the UK Need? (2025) · DLUHC

PeriodEngland, April 2013 – March 2023

Chart from CPS showing actual versus required growth in the housing stock in England between April 2013 and March 2023. Of 3.4 million homes needed, only 2.1 million were built — leaving 1.3 million in unmet demand.

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Bar chart from CPS comparing England's 6.6% population growth against capital-stock change between 2011 and 2021 — GP premises +4.0%, secondary schools +4.9%, electricity generation capacity −14.2%.

HousingHousingInfrastructure

Population growth and capital stock, 2011–2021

England's population grew 6.6% between 2011 and 2021, but infrastructure has not kept pace. GP premises grew 4.0%, secondary schools 4.9%, while electricity generation capacity fell 14.2%.

Chart from CPS showing change in population (driven by net migration) versus number of dwellings in England as a five-year moving average. Net migration bars exceed dwelling completions from the mid-2000s onward.

HousingHousingMigration

Population vs dwellings, five-year moving average

Net migration (blue bars) has driven population growth well above the rate of new dwelling construction (red line) since the mid-2000s.